Олександра Нікітіна: публікації автора

In 2025, the deadliest year yet for civilians [link 1], Ukraine’s three largest charitable foundations raised a record 105.9 billion hryvnias. It is more than the years 2022–2024 combined [link 2]. According to the UN, humanitarian aid in Ukraine was delivered by more than 450 organisations, reaching five million people over the course of the year [link 1]. Civic foundations hold licences to purchase lethal weapons [link 3], which is a function states have monopolised for centuries. These record sums were underwritten by international government grants [link 4], which means foreign states now channel billions directly through Ukrainian civic funds, bypassing inter-state channels. It is hard to imagine a stronger institutional trust in civil society.